Glossary

A perlocutionary act is the actual effect, reaction, or consequence that an utterance has on the thoughts, feelings, or actions of the listener.

A locutionary act is the physical and semantic act of producing an utterance, encompassing its phonetic sounds, grammatical structure, and literal meaning.

An illocutionary act is the intended action or force behind an utterance, representing what the speaker is actively doing by speaking, such as promising, ordering, warning, or asserting.

Strong AI, also known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) or functionalist AI, is the philosophical view that an appropriately programmed computer does not merely simulate a mind, but literally has a mind, possesses genuine understanding, and experiences cognitive states.

Weak AI, or Narrow AI, is the view that computers can only simulate human mental processes and act as highly useful tools for studying the mind, without actually possessing genuine consciousness, understanding, or subjective experience.

Johan Huizinga (1872–1945) was a pioneering Dutch historian and cultural theorist best known for his groundbreaking work on the role of play in human culture, particularly in his 1938 book Homo Ludens. Huizinga argued that play is a fundamental, creative force that precedes and shapes civilization,

The play deficit is the chronic shortage of unstructured, voluntary, and non-utilitarian play within a society, resulting from a cultural shift that prioritizes productivity, economic optimization, and constant seriousness. This deficit impairs essential social skills—such as empathy, cooperation, a

Philosophical suicide is a term coined by Albert Camus to describe the act of escaping the anxiety of the Absurd by adopting a belief system, religion, or metaphysical framework that artificially imposes meaning onto an inherently meaningless universe. Camus argued that this intellectual leap of fai

Absurdism is a philosophical school of thought, primarily associated with Albert Camus, which posits that human beings exist in a meaningless, chaotic universe, and that any attempt to find or construct ultimate meaning is fundamentally incompatible with this reality. Rather than despairing, absurdi

The combination problem is the primary philosophical objection to panpsychism, questioning how simple, microscopic conscious subjects (like subatomic particles) can combine to form complex, unified macroscopic conscious minds (like human beings).